Deep Commentary

This verse was taught by the Buddha at Jetavana Monastery in relation to a jealous wife. According to the story, a husband was having an affair with a female servant. The wife discovered this and cruelly tied up the servant, cut her ears and nose, and locked her in a room. To conceal her crime, she persuaded her husband to go hear the Dhamma with her. They arrived at the monastery and sat among the assembly. At that time, some relatives of the wife came to visit. They opened the door, witnessed the cruel situation in the house, and released the servant. The servant went to the monastery and reported everything to the Buddha and the Saṅgha. Upon hearing this, the Buddha instructed: “One should never commit evil, even thinking that no one will know. Good deeds should be done even if unseen by others. Evil acts, even if hidden, bring regret afterward. Good actions bring joy.” Following this, the Buddha spoke this verse. By the end of the teaching, the couple attained the stage of Stream-entry. They freed the servant and guided her toward the Dhamma. Classical texts say: “Those who do good are rewarded by the heavens; those who do evil incur misfortune.” Here, ‘heaven’ does not refer to a divine being administering reward or punishment, but to the natural law of cause and effect, similar to the Buddhist law of karma. Those who act kindly, mercifully, and altruistically will surely receive great blessings. Conversely, those who harm others or cause suffering will inevitably face suffering in return. The timing of the result may vary, but the consequences of deeds are inevitable. The Buddha constantly reminded people to avoid creating negative karma, as it inevitably brings suffering. By contrast, diligent acts of kindness toward others or creatures bring merit and joy. Helping others, offering a smile, or caring for animals brings genuine happiness. Harming others, on the other hand, causes inner turmoil and regret, akin to descending into hell. Therefore, for a meaningful and happy life, the Buddha advises performing good deeds generously. The story also illustrates the danger of uncontrolled jealousy in a family. Extreme jealousy can lead to cruel and unforeseen consequences, as seen in the wife's violent act against the servant. Maintaining moral discipline, especially refraining from sexual misconduct, is essential for a harmonious and happy family life.