Deep Commentary

The Buddha taught this verse at the Jeta Grove concerning Elder Kaludayi, who frequently spoke out of turn and inappropriately at events due to his lack of learning. When the monks reported this, the Buddha explained that this was not a new flaw. In a past life, as a farmer, Kaludayi took an entire year to memorize a simple three-line verse to ask the king for a new ox, but when he stood before the king, he blundered and asked the king to take his remaining ox instead. Through this story, the Buddha emphasizes the critical importance of cultivating wisdom. In Buddhism, faith alone is insufficient; it must be balanced and guided by wisdom. Without learning, studying, and applying the Dhamma, a person grows physically older, much like a bull that grows in size and muscle, but remains spiritually and intellectually stagnant. True wealth is not material possessions—which can be easily lost—but the enduring knowledge and wisdom one acquires. Regardless of the era, continuous learning and self-improvement are essential for both worldly success and spiritual liberation.